This is one of the nerves of the eye that helps control vision. The patient may be asked to identify different smells with his/her eyes closed. During a complete neurological examination, most of these nerves are evaluated to help determine the functioning of the brain: There are 12 main nerves of the brain, called the cranial nerves. The reflex hammer is used at different points on the body to test numerous reflexes, which are noted by the movement that the hammer causes. These are usually examined with the use of a reflex hammer. Startle: a loud noise will cause the infant to extend and flex the arms while the hands remain in a fist. Palmar and plantar grasp: the infant's fingers or toes will curl around a finger placed in the area. Moro's reflex: a quick change in the infant's position will cause the infant to throw the arms outward, open the hands, and throw back the head. These reflexes include, but are not limited to, the following:īlinking: an infant will close his/her eyes in response to bright lights.īabinski reflex: as the infant's foot is stroked, the toes will extend upward.Ĭrawling: if the infant is placed on his/her abdomen, crawling motions will be made. Each of these reflexes disappears at a certain age as the infant grows. In newborns and infants, reflexes called infant reflexes (or automatisms) are evaluated. There are different types of reflexes that may be tested. The physician may touch the patient's legs, arms, or other parts of the body and have him/her identify the sensation (i.e., hot/cold, sharp/dull). This may be done by using different instruments: dull needles, tuning forks, alcohol swabs, or other objects. The patient's physician may also perform a sensory test which tests his/her ability to feel. The patient's joints may also be checked simply by passive (performed by the physician) and active (performed by the patient) movement. Balance may be checked by having the patient stand with his/her eyes closed while being gently pushed to one side or the other. This may be tested by having the patient push and pull against the physician's hands with his/her arms and legs. This is usually done by the patient's physician just by being in the room with the patient during normal interactions. The person will also be observed for clear speech and making sense while talking.
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